Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is a common condition that affects the gum tissue and supporting structures of the teeth. It is caused by bacteria that build up on the teeth and gums, leading to inflammation and damage to the soft and hard tissues of the mouth.
There are two types of periodontal disease: gingivitis and periodontitis. Gingivitis is the milder form and is characterized by red, swollen, and bleeding gums. If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, which is a more serious condition that can lead to tooth loss and other complications.
Symptoms of periodontal disease include:
- Red, swollen, and tender gums
- Bleeding gums, especially when brushing or flossing
- Receding gums, which can make the teeth look longer
- Loose or shifting teeth
- Bad breath or a bad taste in the mouth
- Changes in the way teeth fit together when biting or chewing
Periodontal disease can be caused by a number of factors, including poor oral hygiene, smoking, genetics, certain medications, and medical conditions such as diabetes. Treatment for periodontal disease depends on the severity of the condition, but may include deep cleaning, medication, and surgery.
Preventing periodontal disease is key to maintaining good oral health. This can be done through regular brushing and flossing, quitting smoking, and visiting the dentist for regular check-ups and cleanings. It is also important to maintain a healthy diet and to manage any medical conditions that may increase the risk of periodontal disease.
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